INSTALLATION NOTES for OpenBSD/powerpc 2.4 What is OpenBSD? ---------------- OpenBSD is a Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2) and 4.4BSD-Lite -derived Operating System. It is a fully functional UN*X-like system which runs on many architectures and is being ported to more. Continuing the multi-platform tradition, OpenBSD has added ports to mvme68k, powerpc and arc machines. Kernel interfaces have continued to be refined, and now several subsystems and device drivers are shared among the different ports. You can look for this trend to continue. Security of the system as a whole has been significantly improved. Source code for all critical system components has been checked for remote-access, local-access, denial-of-service, data destruction, or information-gathering problems. Tools like ipf, ipnat, and nc have been added to the tree because security conscious people often need them. OpenBSD 2.4 has significantly enhanced the binary emulation subsystem (which includes iBCS2, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, SVR4, Solaris and Ultrix compatibility) and several kernel subsystems have been generalized to support this more readily. The binary emulation strategy is aimed at making the emulation as accurate as possible. Cryptography components are part of OpenBSD. OpenBSD is from Canada, and export of these pieces (such as kerberosIV) to the world is not restricted. Note that it can not be re-exported from the US once it has entered the US. Because of this, take care NOT to get the distrib- ution from an FTP server in the US if you are outside of Canada and the US. Many new user programs have been added in OpenBSD 2.4, as well, bringing it closer to our goal of supplying a complete and modern UN*X-like environment. Tools like perl and ksh are standard, as are numerous other useful tools. For the powerpc, OpenBSD 2.4 is a new release of our existing code. This port is not completely reliable or fast, but is improving. Sources of OpenBSD: ------------------- This is a list of currently known ftp servers: Korea: ftp://ftp1.kr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://sunsite.kren.ne.kr/pub/OpenBSD Australia: ftp://ftp.aba.net.su/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.au.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD France: ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://frp.univ-evry.fr/pub/OpenBSD Germany: ftp://ftp.fu-berlin.de/unix/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.de.openbsd.org/pub/unix/openbsd/mirrors/OpenBSD Japan: ftp://ftp.tut.ac.jp/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.jp.openbsd.org/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/OpenBSD Sweden: ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp1.se.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Switzerland: ftp://web.eunet.ch/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.eu.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Thailand: ftp://ftp.ruibon.ac.th/pup/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.th.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Korea: ftp://sunsite.kren.ne.kr/pup/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.kr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD United Kingdom: ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/OpenBSD USA: ftp://freestuff.cs.colorado.edu/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp3.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://openbsd.eecs.umich.edu/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp1.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp4.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.geek-girl.com/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp6.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://freon.republic.k12.mo.us/pub/OpenBSD frp://ftp.msoe.edu/pub/OpenBSD Canada: ftp://lager.ucs.ualberta.ca/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp1.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://obsd.compmore.net/pub/OpenBSD == ftp://ftp2.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.styx.org/pub/OpenBSD As well, the file ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.4/ftplist contains a list which is continually updated. If you wish to become a distribution site for OpenBSD, contact deraadt@cvs.openbsd.org. OpenBSD 2.4 Release Contents: ----------------------------- The OpenBSD 2.4 release is organized in the following way. In the .../2.4 directory, for each of the architectures having an OpenBSD 2.4 binary distribution, there is a sub-directory. The powerpc-specific portion of the OpenBSD 2.4 release is found in the "powerpc" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../2.4/powerpc/ INSTALL.powerpc Installation notes; this file. CKSUM Output of the cksum(1) and md5(1) programs MD5 usable for verification of the correctness of downloaded files. floppy24.fs The powerpc boot and installation floppy; see below. *.tar.gz powerpc binary distribution sets; see below. bsd A stock GENERIC powerpc kernel which will be installed on your system during the install. As well you may be interested in .../2.4/tools/ miscellaneous i386 installation utilities like rawrite.exe, gzip.exe, and pfdisk.exe; see installation section, below. Instead of the single floppy, currently multiple floppies for different systems exist. boot.fs is for VI vme board machines, and Motorola Powerstack (and possibly other machines) and bootofw.fs is generic and should run on any system with openfirmware because it only uses openfirmware for device drivers (not recommended for general use). This is a bootable install floppy which can be used both to install and to upgrade OpenBSD to the current version. It is also useful for maintenance and disaster recovery. In addition, the "tools/" directory contains some utilities that might be useful for the installation. Bootable installation/upgrade floppy: This disk contains a file system, is bootable, and has enough utilities on board to prepare your hard disk drive for OpenBSD and to install the OpenBSD distribution. It also holds the utilities needed in order to upgrade a system to the current version of OpenBSD. The OpenBSD/powerpc binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the OpenBSD 2.4 release for powerpc systems. There are ten binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "powerpc" subdirectory of the OpenBSD 2.4 distribution tree, and are as follows: base24 The OpenBSD/powerpc 2.4 base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It includes shared library support, and excludes everything described below. [ 35.8M gzipped, 89.0M uncompressed ] comp24 The OpenBSD/powerpc Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C, C++, and FORTRAN (yes, there are two!) are supported. This set includes the system include files (/usr/include), the linker, the compiler tool chain, and the various system libraries (except the shared libraries, which are included as part of the base set). This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. [ 12.3M gzipped, 40.4M uncompressed ] etc24 This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set MUST be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should NOT be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and CAREFULLY upgrade your configuration files by hand.) [ 131K gzipped, 620K uncompressed ] game24 This set includes the games and their manual pages. [ 5.3M gzipped, 12.2M uncompressed ] man24 This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. [ 3.2M gzipped, 12.1M uncompressed ] misc24 This set includes the system dictionaries (which are rather large), the typesettable document set, and man pages for other architectures which happen to be installed from the source tree by default. [ 1.5M gzipped, 5.4M uncompressed ] text24 This set includes OpenBSD's text processing tools, including groff, all related programs, and their manual pages. [ 1.7M gzipped, 5.4M uncompressed ] xbase24 This set includes the base X distribution. This includes programs, headers, libraries, configuration files. xfont24 This set includes all of the X fonts. xserv24 This set includes all of the X servers. OpenBSD System Requirements and Supported Devices: -------------------------------------------------- OpenBSD/powerpc 2.4 runs on ISA (AT-Bus), and PCI buses with 603, 603e, 604, 604e processors. Only systems with openfirmware are supported. The V-I Power-4e vme board. Has been tested on various Motorola (MCG) boards: Pro3000, Series E and Series DT. VME16xx, Ultra have not been tested, but should work. Pro4000 may not work due to irq problem with onboard ethernet. MCG 603 machines will not work with later firmware. A firmware incompatibility exists that has not yet been fixed. Some versions of earlier openfirmware work fine with 603 family machines. The minimal configuration is said to require 8M of RAM and 380M of disk space, though we do not know of anyone running with a system quite this minimal today. To install the entire system requires much more disk space, Supported devices include: Floppy controllers. (only if running full ofw drivers) IDE hard disk controllers. (only if running full ofw drivers) SCSI host adapters: (if supported by ofw) [OPENFIRMWARE SUPPORT] Symbios Logic (NCR) 53C8xx-based PCI SCSI host adapters (ofw may support other scsi devices) [NATIVE SUPPORT] Symbios Logic (NCR) 53C8xx-based PCI SCSI host adapters VGA, SVGA Display Adapters. [OPENFIRMWARE SUPPORT] X does not yet exist. currently will only function as console [NATIVE SUPPORT] Vga text terminal support is available, not console. No X server avaliable Serial ports: [OPENFIRMWARE SUPPORT] (also MIX drivers) Only port 0 on the machine is supported and only as console. [NATIVE SUPPORT] com0 and com1 serial ports are supported. Ethernet adapters: [OPENFIRMWARE SUPPORT] Digital DC21x4x-based PCI Ethernet adapters, including: Znyx ZX34X (ofw may support other devices) [NATIVE SUPPORT] Digital DC21x4x-based PCI Ethernet adapters, including: Znyx ZX34X Znyx ZX314 Onboard ethernet for Powerstack family machines. (* Powerstack PRO4000 may not work due to irq problem). Tape drives: [OPENFIRMWARE SUPPORT] NONE [NATIVE SUPPORT] SCSI Tape drives CD-ROM drives: [OPENFIRMWARE SUPPORT] SCSI CD-ROM drives (act ask harddrives). [NATIVE SUPPORT] SCSI CD-ROM drives Mice: NONE Sound Cards: NONE Miscellaneous: Getting the OpenBSD System onto Useful Media: --------------------------------------------- Installation is supported from several media types, including: CDROM FFS partitions Tape Remote NFS partition FTP HTTP rsh & restore Unless it is possible to netboot the machine, you'll need to have a CDROM or a floppy disk (1.44Mb required). If you are using a UN*X-like system to write the floppy image to disk, you should use the "dd" command to copy the file system image (floppy24.fs) directly to the raw floppy disks. It is suggested that you read the dd(1) manual page or ask your system administrator to determine the correct set of arguments to use; it will be slightly different from system to system, and a comprehensive list of the possibilities is beyond the scope of this document. If you are using DOS to write the floppy image to disk, you should use the "rawrite" utility, provided in the "2.4/tools" directory of the OpenBSD distribution. It will write the file system image (floppy.fs) to a disk. Note that when installing, the floppy can be write-protected (i.e. read-only). Obviously, the steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation or upgrade depend on which installation medium you choose. The steps for the various media types are outlined below. To install or upgrade OpenBSD using a tape, you need to do the following: To install OpenBSD from a tape, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, in "tar" format. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is probably something like: tar cf where "" is the name of the tape device that describes the tape drive you're using (possibly /dev/rst0, or something similar, but it will vary from system to system. (If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator.) In the above example, "" are the distribution sets' directories, for the distribution sets you wish to place on the tape. For instance, to put the "base24" and "etc24" distributions on tape (in order to do the absolute minimum installation to a new disk), you would do the following: cd .../2.4 # the top of the tree cd powerpc/ tar cf base24 etc24 (Note that you still need to fill in "" in the example.) Once you have the files on the tape, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. To install or upgrade OpenBSD using a remote partition, mounted via NFS, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. Place the OpenBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading OpenBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file on of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading OpenBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the OpenBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the OpenBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, you must do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base24" set somewhere in your file system. If you wish, you can do the other sets, as well, but you should NOT upgrade the "etc" distribution; the "etc" distribution contains system configuration files that you should review and update by hand. Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next step in the upgrade process, actually upgrading your system. Preparing your System for OpenBSD Installation: ----------------------------------------------- The powerpc port boots off a boot program in an MSDOS filesystem. This is now set up by the install program and no special setup is required. Installing the OpenBSD System: ------------------------------ Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble. Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e. the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the kernel can't figure out its geometry.) If OpenBSD will be sharing the disk with DOS or another operating system, you should have already completed the section of these notes that instructed you on how to prepare your hard disk. You should know the size of the OpenBSD area of the disk and its offset from the beginning of the disk. You will need this information when setting up your OpenBSD partitions. If you BIOS uses translated geometry, you should use this geometry for the remainder of the install. This is only necessary if you are sharing the disk with other operating systems that use the translated geometry. You should now be ready to install OpenBSD. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. Determine which floppy image is appropriate for the system being installed. VI vme boards should use boot.fs, MCG machines should use bootmix.fs (bootmix.fs should work on VI computers too). or If those do not work, try the bootofw.fs image. Apple derived hardware, Power Macintosh machines or clones are not supported. Boot your machine using the appropriate floppy image. This is done by entering the openfirmware command prompt (possibly system specific mechanism) then booting the floppy with the "boot floppy:\ofwboot" command. When presented with the boot prompt hit return. If the boot prompt does not appear in a reasonable amount of time, you either have a bad boot floppy, a hardware problem, or an incompatible OpenFirmware prom (some of these still exist). Try writing the appropriate floppy image to a different disk, and using that. If it still doesn't work, OpenBSD probably can't be run on your hardware. This can probably be considered a bug, so you might want to report it. If you do, please include as many details about your system configuration as you can. It will take a while to load the kernel from the floppy, most likely more than a minute. If some action doesn't eventually happen, or the spinning cursor has stopped and nothing further has happened, either your boot floppy is bad or you are having hardware problems, and should proceed as outlined above. You will then be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot messages. You will want to read them, to determine your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like "sd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD's partitions. You will also need to know the name, to tell the install tools what disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information later inside the install program. [openfirmware uses ofdiskX, typically 0 is floppy, 1 is scsi id0] While booting, you will probably see several warnings. You should be warned that no swap space is present, and that init(8) cannot find /etc/rc. Do not be alarmed, these are completely normal. When you reach the prompt asking you for a shell name, just hit return. You will be presented with a welcome message and a prompt. At this time you should enter the command "install" to start the installation process. You will be asked which terminal type to use, you should just hit return to select the default (ofw for vga under ofw drivers) If installing via serial, set it appropriate for the terminal emulator being used. The install program will then tell you which disks of that type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The name of the disk is typically "sd0" for SCSI drives. Reply with the name of your disk. [ofw note] If you have a floppy drive on the machine it is [ofdisk0] and then your first scsi disk becomes "ofdisk1". It helps to watch the floppy drive light; this will tell you if you have accidentally told it to access the wrong drive. Next you will have to edit or create a disklabel for the disk OpenBSD is being installed on. If there are any existing partitions defined (for any operating system), and a disk label is not found, you will first be given an opportunity to run fdisk and create an OpenBSD partition. If fdisk is being invoked on your behalf, it will start by displaying the current partitions defined and then allow you to modify this information, add new partitions and change which partition to boot from by default. If you make a mistake, you will be allowed to repeat this procedure as necessary to correct this. Note that you should make OpenBSD be the active partition at least until the install has been completed. Next the disk label which defines the layout of the OpenBSD file systems must be set up. The installation script will invoke an editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. If you have DOS or Linux partitions defined on the disk, these will usually show up as partition 'h', 'i' and so on. It is recommended that you create separate partitions for /usr and /var, and if you have room for it, also for /home. Note that all OpenBSD partitions in the disk label must have an offset that makes it start within the OpenBSD part of the disk, and a size that keeps it inside of that portion of the disk. This is within the bounds of the 'c' partition if the disk is not being shared with other operating systems, and within the OpenBSD fdisk partition if the disk is being shared. The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD". Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can also be 4096 and 512 or even 16384 and 2048 bytes. The install program will now label your disk and ask which file systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto- matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system. Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (eg. "sd0") with the letter identifying the partition (eg. "d") appended (eg. "sd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is to be mounted, eg. /usr. This process will be repeated until you just hit return. At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the point of no return. After all your file systems have been created, the install program will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the configuration used by the system after the installation is complete. If you select to configure the network, the install program will ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use. Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that the domain name should NOT include the host name part. Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use, the netmask to use and any interface-specific flags to set. The interface-specific flags are usually used to determine which media the network card is to use. Supply the apropriate media options as suggested, Typically no media flags are required as autodetect normally works. After all network interfaces has been configured the install pro- gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity to edit the host table. At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that will be used by the finished system, following which the new file systems will be mounted to complete the installation. After these preparatory steps has been completed, you will be able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM, NFS or a local disk partition. To install from a tape, the distrib- ution sets must have been written to tape prior to running the installation program, either as tar images or as gzipped tar images. Note that installation from floppies are not currently supported. To install via FTP: To begin an FTP install you will need the following pieces of information. Don't be daunted by this list; the defaults are sufficient for most people. 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based ftp proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing ftp (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) Do you need to use active mode ftp? By default, ftp will attempt to use passive mode and fall back to an active connection if the server does not support passive mode. You only need to enable this option if you are connecting to a buggy ftp daemon that implements passive ftp incorrectly. Note that you will not be asked about active ftp if you are using a proxy. 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an ftp server carrying the OpenBSD 2.4 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The ftp directory holding the distribution sets. The default value of pub/OpenBSD/2.4/powerpc is almost always correct. 5) The login and password for the ftp account. You will only be asked for a password for non-anonymous ftp. For instructions on how to complete the installation via ftp, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install via HTTP: To begin an HTTP install you will need the following pieces of information: 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based http proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing http connections (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an http server carrying the OpenBSD 2.4 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The directory holding the distribution sets. There is no standard location for this; You should use the directory specified along with the server in the list of official http mirror sites that you received in step 3. For instructions on how to complete the installation via http, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install from tape: In order to install from tape, the distribution sets to be installed must have been written to tape previously, either in tar format or gzip-compressed tar format. You will also have to identify the tape device where the distribution sets are to be extracted from. This will typically be "nrst0" (no-rewind, raw interface). Next you will have to provide the file number of the set that is to be extracted. Note that the file number starts at 1, which is the first file written to the tape. The install program will not automatically detect whether an image has been compressed, so it will ask for that information before starting the extraction. To install from CD-ROM: When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which device holds the distribution sets. This will typically be either "cd0" or "acd0". Next you will be asked which partition on the CD-ROM the distribution is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a". Next you will have to identify the file system type that has been used to create the distribution on the CD-ROM, this can be either FFS or ISO CD9660. The OpenBSD CD distribution uses the CD9660 format. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the CD which holds the distribution, for the powerpc this is "2.4/powerpc". For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a NFS mounted directory: When installing from a NFS-mounted directory, you must have completed network configuration above, and also set up the exported file system on the NFS server in advance. First you must identify the IP address of the NFS server to load the distribution from, and the file system the server expects you to mount. The install program will also ask whether or not TCP should be used for transport (the default is UDP). Note that TCP only works with newer NFS servers. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a local disk partition: When installing from a local disk partition, you will first have to identify which disk holds the distribution sets. This is normally "sdN" where N is a number 0 through 9. Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk that holds the distribution, this is a single letter between 'a' and 'p'. You will also have to identify the type of file system residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can install from partitions that has been formatted as the Berkeley fast file system (ffs) or MS-DOS. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the a local disk partition, see the next section. Common file system installations: The following instructions are common to installations from local disk partitions, NFS mounted directories and CD-ROMs. A list of available distribution sets will be listed. You may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, eg `*.tar.gz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to extract file sets. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to extract. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. Common URL installations: Once you have entered the required information, the install program will fetch a file list and present a list of all the distribution sets that were found in the specified directory. (If no valid sets were found, you will be notified and given the option of unpacking any gzipped tar files found or getting a file list if none were found.) At this point you may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, eg `*.tar.gz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to download and install the files. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to download and unpack. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. When all the selected distribution sets has been extracted, you will be allowed to select which time zone your system will be using, all the device nodes needed by the installed system will be created for you and the file systems will be unmounted. For this to work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base24", "etc24", and "bsd" distribution sets. Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD 2.4. When you reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. There is no initial password, but if you're using the machine in a networked environment, you should create yourself an account and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. You should have got a mail from the install program we recommend you to read. This you can do by running mail and then just enter "1" to get the first message. You quit mail by entering "q". Some of the files in the OpenBSD 2.4 distribution might need to be tailored for your site. We recommend you run: man afterboot which wilk tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it. Upgrading a previously-installed OpenBSD System: ------------------------------------------------ [Upgrades may not be well supported currently for the powerpc port] Getting source code for your OpenBSD System: -------------------------------------------- Now that your OpenBSD system is up and running, you probably want to get access to source code so that you can recompile pieces of the system. A few methods are provided. If you have an OpenBSD CD, the source code is provided. Otherwise, you can get the pieces over the Internet using ANONCVS, CTM or FTP. For more information, see http://www.openbsd.org/anoncvs.html http://www.openbsd.org/ctm.html http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html Using online OpenBSD documentation: ----------------------------------- Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the UN*X "man pages" (documentation) are denoted by 'name(section)'. Some examples of this are intro(1), man(1), apropos(1), passwd(1), and passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The 'man' command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering 'man [section] topic'. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the least-numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter man passwd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter man 5 passwd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word where "subject-word" is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. Adding third party software; ``packages'' and ``ports'': ------------------------------------------------------- As complete as your OpenBSD system is, you may want to add any of several excellent third party software applications. There are several ways to do this. You can: 1) Obtain the source code and build the application based upon whatever installation procedures are provided with the application. 2) Use the OpenBSD ``ports'' collection to automatically get any needed source file, apply any required patches, create the application, and install it for you. 3) Use the OpenBSD ``package'' collection to grab a pre-compiled and tested version of the application for your hardware. If you purchased the OpenBSD CD-ROM you already have several popular ``packages'', the ``ports'' collection, and some of the ``ports'' source file releases. NOTE: Some important packages which are not permitted on the CD (due to patents) are available on our FTP servers. In particular, we provide the USA and international versions of both SSH and PGP. The filenames are: ssh-usa-1.2.26.tgz ssh-intl-1.2.26.tgz pgp-usa-2.6.3.tgz pgp-intl-2.6.3.tgz You are STRONGLY urged to install one of the above ssh packages and use ssh instead of telnet, rlogin, or rsh. See below for instructions on installing packages using ftp. Instructions for installing applications from the various sources using the different installation methods follow. If emacs is to be installed it should be installed first as it creates the ``info'' directory file that may be modified by other applications. Installing applications from the CD-ROM package collection: The OpenBSD CD-ROM ships with several applications pre-built for various hardware architectures. The number of applications vary according to available disk space. Check the directory 2.4/packages/powerpc to see which packages are available for your hardware architecture. That directory will be on the same CD-ROM containing the OS installation files for your architecture. To install one or more of these packages you must 1) become the superuser (root) 2) mount the appropriage CD-ROM 3) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software Example (in which we use su(1) to get superuser privileges, thus you have to be in group "wheel", see the manual page for su(1)). $ su Password: # mkdir -p /cdrom # mount /dev/cd0a /cdrom # pkg_add /cdrom/2.4/packages/powerpc/ # # umount /cdrom Package names are usually the application name and version with .tgz appended, e.g. emacs-20.3.tgz Installing applications from the ftp.openbsd.org package collection: All available packages for your architecture have been placed on ftp.openbsd.org in the directory pub/OpenBSD/2.4/packages/powerpc/ You may want to peruse this to see what packages are available. The packages are also on the OpenBSD FTP mirror sites. See http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html for a list of current ftp mirror sites. Installation of a package is very easy. 1) become the superuser (root) 2) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software ``pkg_add'' is smart enough to know how to download the software from the OpenBSD ftp server. Example: $ su Password: # pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.4/packages/powerpc/emacs-20.3.tgz Note: there are both USA and INTERNATIONAL versions of ssh and pgp on the ftp server. Be sure to grab the correct version. The USA versions, ssh-usa-1.2.26.tgz and pgp-usa-2.6.3.tgz, use RSAREF, a legal requirement for use within the United States due to patent issues. Packages available include (at least): ImageMagick-4.0.6.tgz mpeg_lib-1.2.1.tgz Xaw3d-1.3.tgz netpipes-4.1.1-export.tgz afm-1.0.tgz nmh-0.27.tgz bash-2.02.tgz pgp-intl-2.6.3.tgz bison-1.25.tgz pgp-usa-2.6.3.tgz bzip2-0.9.0b.tgz pine-4.03.tgz dejagnu-1.3.tgz png-1.0.2.tgz emacs-20.3.tgz psutils-a4-1.17.tgz enscript-1.6.1.tgz psutils-letter-1.17.tgz expect-5.26.tgz screen-3.7.4.tgz fetchmail-4.5.4.tgz sharutils-4.2.tgz ghostscript-5.10.tgz ssh-intl-1.2.26.tgz gimp-1.0.0.tgz ssh-usa-1.2.26.tgz glimpse-4.1.tgz tar-1.12.tgz gmake-3.76.1.tgz tcl-8.0.2.tgz gnuplot-3.5.tgz tcsh-6.07.02.tgz gtk+-1.0.5.tgz teTeX-0.4.tgz gv-3.5.8.tgz tiff-3.4.tgz id-utils-3.2.tgz tk-8.0.2.tgz idled-1.16.tgz transfig-3.2.1.tgz iozone-2.01.tgz unzip-5.3.2.tgz ircii-2.8.2-epic3.004.tgz xcolors-1.3.tgz ispell-3.1.20.tgz xfig-3.2.2.tgz jove-4.16.tgz xntp3-5.93-export.tgz jpeg-6b.tgz xpaint-2.5.5.tgz lesstif-0.86.0.tgz xphoon-91.9.18.tgz m4-1.4.tgz xv-3.10a.tgz mm-2.7.tgz Note: these packages may not exist for all architectures; other packages may be added. Some packages are only available via ftp. Installing applications from the CD-ROM ports collection: The CD-ROM ``ports'' collection is a set of Makefiles, patches, and other files used to control the building and installation of an application from source files. The source files come from archives which are also, for the most part, on the OpenBSD CD-ROM. Creating an application from sources can require a lot of disk space, sometimes 50 megabytes or more. The first step is to determine which of your disks has enough room. Once you've made this determination read the file README.ports on CD-ROM 2 to see how to copy or mount the ports directory. To build an application you must: 1) become the superuser (root) 2) mount CD-ROM number 2 on the directory /cdrom. This is necessary to find the application source files. 3) cd to the ports directory containing the port you wish to build. To build samba, for example, where you'd previously copied the ports files into the /usr/ports directory: cd /usr/ports/net/samba 4) make FETCH_SYMLINK_DISTFILES=YES 5) make FETCH_SYMLINK_DISTFILES=YES install 6) make FETCH_SYMLINK_DISTFILES=YES clean The FETCH_SYMLINK_DISTFILES=YES parameter tells make not to copy the application's distribution sources from the cdrom to your hard disk, but instead create a symbolic link pointing to the CD-ROM. This is done to conserve disk space. Installing applications from the OpenBSD ports collection: See http://www.openbsd.org/ports.html for current instructions on obtaining and installing OpenBSD ports. Installing other applications: If an OpenBSD package or port does not exist for an application you're pretty much on your own. The first thing to do is ask ports@openbsd.org if anyone is working on a port -- there may be one in progress. If no luck there you may try the FreeBSD ports or NetBSD package collection. If you are on an i386 based machine it is quite possible that the FreeBSD port, if one exists, will work for you. If you can't find an existing port try to make your own and feed it back to OpenBSD. That's how our ports collection grows. Some details can be found at http://www.openbsd.org/porting.html with more help coming from the mailing list, ports@openbsd.org. Administrivia: -------------- There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at . To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. There are also two OpenBSD Usenet newsgroups, comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.announce for important announcements and comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.misc for general OpenBSD discussion. To report bugs, use the 'sendbug' command shipped with OpenBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: bugs@OpenBSD.ORG Use of 'sendbug' is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the OpenBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to the mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.