INSTALLATION NOTES for OpenBSD/vax 3.0 What is OpenBSD? ---------------- OpenBSD is a fully functional, multi-platform UN*X-like Operating System based on Berkeley Networking Release 2 (Net/2) and 4.4BSD-Lite. There are several operating systems in this family, but OpenBSD differentiates itself by putting security and correctness first. The OpenBSD team strives to achieve what is called 'a secure by default' status. This means that an OpenBSD user should feel safe that their newly installed machine will not be compromised. This 'secure by default' goal is achieved by taking a proactive stance on security. Since security flaws are essentially mistakes in design or implement- ation, the OpenBSD team puts as much importance on finding and fixing existing design flaws and implementation bugs as it does writing new code. This means that an OpenBSD system will not only be more secure, but it will be more stable. The source code for all critical system components has been checked for remote-access, local-access, denial- of-service, data destruction, and information-gathering problems. In addition to bug fixing, OpenBSD has integrated strong cryptography into the base system. A fully functional IPsec implementation is provided as well as support for common protocols such as SSL and SSH. Network filtering and monitoring tools such as packet filtering, NAT, and bridging are also standard. For high performance demands, support for hardware cryptography has also been added to the base system. Because security is often seen as a tradeoff with usability, OpenBSD provides as many security options as possible to allow the user to enjoy secure computing without feeling burdened by it. To integrate more smoothly in other environments, OpenBSD 3.0 also provides several binary emulation subsystems (which includes iBCS2, Linux, OSF/1, SunOS, SVR4, Solaris, and Ultrix compatibility), aiming at making the emulation as accurate as possible so that it is transparent to the user. Many new user programs and device drivers have been added in OpenBSD 3.0, as well, bringing it closer to our goal of supplying a complete and modern UN*X-like environment. Tools like perl and an improved ksh are standard, as are numerous other useful tools. Because OpenBSD is from Canada, the export of Cryptography pieces (such as SSH, IPsec, and Kerberos) to the world is not restricted. (NOTE: OpenBSD can not be re-exported from the US once it has entered the US. Because of this, take care NOT to get the distribution from an FTP server in the US if you are outside of Canada and the US.) OpenBSD/vax 3.0 is a port to the VAX series of machines, formerly manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation. Development is ongoing, and support for a greater variety of hardware as well as new features is in the works. Sources of OpenBSD: ------------------- This is a list of currently known ftp servers as the time of the 3.0 release: Main server in Canada: ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Argentina: ftp://ftp.openbsd.org.ar/pub/OpenBSD Australia: ftp://ftp.au.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.it.net.au/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.wiretapped.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/OpenBSD Austria: ftp://gd.tuwien.ac.at/opsys/OpenBSD ftp://mingus.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/OpenBSD Belgium: ftp://openbsd.rug.ac.be/pub/OpenBSD Canada: ftp://ftp.ca.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://gulus.usherb.ca/pub/OpenBSD China (Hong Kong): ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/OpenBSD Czech Republic: ftp://ftp.openbsd.cz/pub/OpenBSD Finland: ftp://ftp.fi.debian.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.jyu.fi/pub/OpenBSD France: ftp://ftp.fr.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.bsdfr.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.grolier.fr/pub/OpenBSD Germany: ftp://ftp.de.openbsd.org/pub/unix/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.fh-wolfenbuettel.de/pub/os/openbsd Greece: ftp://filoktitis.noc.uoa.gr/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.duth.gr/pub/OpenBSD Hungary: ftp://ftp.fsn.hu/pub/OpenBSD Ireland: ftp://ftp.esat.net/pub/OpenBSD Italy: ftp://ftp.volftp.mondadori.com/mirror/openbsd Japan: ftp://ftp.jp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.netlab.is.tsukuba.ac.jp/pub/os/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/OpenBSD The Netherlands: ftp://ftp.calyx.nl/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/OpenBSD New Zealand: ftp://ftp.nz.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD Norway: ftp://ftp.inet.no/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/OpenBSD Peru: ftp://ftp.sajinet.com.pe/pub/OpenBSD Russia: ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.radio-msu.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://vell.nsc.ru/pub/OpenBSD Saudi Arabia: ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/mirrors/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD South Korea: ftp://ftp.snu.ac.kr/pub/BSD/OpenBSD Spain: ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/OpenBSD Sweden: ftp://ftp.luth.se/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.stacken.kth.se/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/OpenBSD Switzerland: ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/pub/OpenBSD Taiwan: ftp://openbsd.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/OpenBS Thailand: ftp://ftp.kmitl.ac.th/pub/OpenBSD United Kingdom: ftp://ftp.knowledge.com/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://sunsite.org.uk/Mirrors/ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD USA: ftp://ftp1.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp3.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp5.usa.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp7.usa.openbsd.org/pub/os/OpenBSD ftp://archive.progeny.com/OpenBSD ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://download.sourceforge.net/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.groupbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.op.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.src.uchicago.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://ftp.tux.org/bsd/openbsd ftp://gandalf.neark.org/pub/distributions/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.cs.wisc.edu/pub/mirrors/OpenBSD ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/OpenBSD ftp://mirrors.netnumina.com/openbsd ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/OpenBSD ftp://rt.fm/pub/OpenBSD As well, the file ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.0/ftplist contains a list which is continually updated. If you wish to become a distribution site for OpenBSD, contact miod@openbsd.org. OpenBSD 3.0 Release Contents: ----------------------------- The OpenBSD 3.0 release is organized in the following way. In the .../3.0 directory, for each of the architectures having an OpenBSD 3.0 binary distribution, there is a sub-directory. The vax-specific portion of the OpenBSD 3.0 release is found in the "vax" subdirectory of the distribution. That subdirectory is laid out as follows: .../3.0/vax/ INSTALL.vax Installation notes; this file. CKSUM Output of the cksum(1) and md5(1) programs MD5 usable for verification of the correctness of downloaded files. *.tgz vax binary distribution sets; see below. bsd A stock GENERIC vax kernel which will be installed on your system during the install. bsd.rd A compressed RAMDISK kernel; the embedded filesystem contains the installation tools. Used for simple installation from a pre- existing system. floppy30.fs The standard vax boot and installation floppy; see below. boot.mop MOP-bootable image (for network installs); see below. Bootable installation/upgrade floppy image: The single floppy image can be copied to a floppy using rawrite.exe, ntrw.exe or `dd', as described later in this document. The floppy image is a bootable install floppy which can be used both to install and to upgrade OpenBSD to the current version. It is also useful for maintenance and disaster recovery. The OpenBSD/vax binary distribution sets contain the binaries which comprise the OpenBSD 3.0 release for vax systems. There are six binary distribution sets. The binary distribution sets can be found in the "vax" subdirectory of the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution tree, and are as follows: base30 The OpenBSD/vax 3.0 base binary distribution. You MUST install this distribution set. It contains the base OpenBSD utilities that are necessary for the system to run and be minimally functional. It excludes everything described below. [ 50.0 MB gzipped, 109.9 MB uncompressed ] comp30 The OpenBSD/vax Compiler tools. All of the tools relating to C, C++, and fortran are supported. This set includes the system include files (/usr/include), the linker, the compiler tool chain, and the various system libraries. This set also includes the manual pages for all of the utilities it contains, as well as the system call and library manual pages. [ 13.1 MB gzipped, 36.9 MB uncompressed ] etc30 This distribution set contains the system configuration files that reside in /etc and in several other places. This set MUST be installed if you are installing the system from scratch, but should NOT be used if you are upgrading. (If you are upgrading, it's recommended that you get a copy of this set and CAREFULLY upgrade your configuration files by hand.) [ 1.1 MB gzipped, 3.3 MB uncompressed ] game30 This set includes the games and their manual pages. [ 6.1 MB gzipped, 12.3 MB uncompressed ] man30 This set includes all of the manual pages for the binaries and other software contained in the base set. Note that it does not include any of the manual pages that are included in the other sets. [ 5.6 MB gzipped, 20.2 MB uncompressed ] misc30 This set includes the system dictionaries (which are rather large), the typesettable document set, and man pages for other architectures which happen to be installed from the source tree by default. [ 1.7 MB gzipped, 5.6 MB uncompressed ] OpenBSD System Requirements and Supported Devices: -------------------------------------------------- OpenBSD/vax 3.0 runs on a wide variety of VAX hardware, although only the following systems have been tested: - VAXstation/MicroVAX 2000 - VAXstation 3100/{30,40} - VAXstation 3100/{38,48} - VAXstation 3100/76 - VAXstation 4000/60 - VAXstation 4000/VLC - MicroVAX 3100/{10,20}{,e} - MicroVAX 3100/80 - MicroVAX 3100/90 - MicroVAX 3300 - VAX 4000/100 - VAX 4000/105 - VAX 4000/300 Ethernet devices: - on-board MicroVAX or VAXstation LANCE - DEC SGEC SCSI: - NCR 5380 or NCR 53C9x on-board SCSI is generally supported - Includes most 3100's and VAXstation 4000's, as well as the VAX 4000 10X series. Serial ports: - DZ*11 lines (also DZ*11 compatible lines on VAXstations) The lowest amount of memory tested is 6M; however, more is recommended. At the moment, the only supported console is a serial console. Currently, your only storage options for using OpenBSD/vax are SCSI disks or tapes on one of the supported controllers, or a NFS root and swap. Please see below for details. Getting the OpenBSD System onto Useful Media: --------------------------------------------- Installation is supported from several media types, including: CD-ROM FFS partitions Tape Remote NFS partition FTP HTTP The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation depend on which method of installation you choose. Some methods require a bit of setup first that is explained below. The installation allows installing OpenBSD directly from FTP mirror sites over the internet, however you must consider the speed and reliability of your internet connection for this option. It may save much time and frustration to use ftp get/reget to transfer the distribution sets to a local server or disk and perform the installation from there, rather than directly from the internet. The variety of options listed may seem confusing, but situations vary widely in terms of what peripherals and what sort of network arrangements a user has, the intent is to provide some way that will be practical. Create an installation tape: While you won't be able to boot OpenBSD from a tape, you can use one to provide the installation sets. To do so, you need to make a tape that contains the distribution set files, each in "tar" format or in "gzipped tar format". First you will need to transfer the distribution sets to your local system, using ftp or by mounting the CD-ROM containing the release. Then you need to make a tape containing the files. If you're making the tape on a UN*X-like system, the easiest way to do so is make a shell script along the following lines, call it "/tmp/maketape". #! /bin/sh TAPE=${TAPE:-/dev/nrst0} mt -f ${TAPE} rewind for file in base etc comp game man misc do dd if=${file}30.tgz of=${TAPE} obs=8k conv=sync done tar cf ${TAPE} bsd mt -f ${TAPE} offline # end of script And then: cd .../3.0/vax sh -x /tmp/maketape If you're using a system other than OpenBSD or SunOS, the tape name and other requirements may change. You can override the default device name (/dev/nrst0) with the TAPE environment variable. For example, under Solaris, you would probably run: TAPE=/dev/rmt/0n sh -x /tmp/maketape Note that, when installing, the tape can be write-protected (i.e. read-only). To install OpenBSD using a remote partition, mounted via NFS, you must do the following: NOTE: This method of installation is recommended only for those already familiar with using BSD network configuration and management commands. If you aren't, this documentation should help, but is not intended to be all-encompassing. Place the OpenBSD distribution sets you wish to install into a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory mountable by the machine on which you are installing or upgrading OpenBSD. This will probably require modifying the /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting its mount daemon (mountd). (Both of these actions will probably require superuser privileges on the server.) You need to know the numeric IP address of the NFS server, and, if the server is not on a network directly connected to the machine on which you're installing or upgrading OpenBSD, you need to know the numeric IP address of the router closest to the OpenBSD machine. Finally, you need to know the numeric IP address of the OpenBSD machine itself. Once the NFS server is set up properly and you have the information mentioned above, you can proceed to the next step in the installation or upgrade process. If you're installing OpenBSD from scratch, go to the section on preparing your hard disk, below. If you're upgrading an existing installation, go directly to the section on upgrading. If you are upgrading OpenBSD, you also have the option of installing OpenBSD by putting the new distribution sets somewhere in your existing file system, and using them from there. To do that, do the following: Place the distribution sets you wish to upgrade somewhere in your current file system tree. At a bare minimum, you must upgrade the "base" binary distribution, and so must put the "base30" set somewhere in your file system. It is recommended that you upgrade the other sets, as well. Preparing your System for OpenBSD Installation: ----------------------------------------------- VAX machines don't generally need any specific preparation. It's worth noting, however, that OpenBSD/vax currently requires a serial console, so on systems with graphics support (such as VAXstations), you may have to flip a switch in order to yield this behaviour. Installing the OpenBSD System: ------------------------------ Installing OpenBSD is a relatively complex process, but if you have this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the information which is presented to you by the install program, it shouldn't be too much trouble. Before you begin, you should know the geometry of your hard disk, i.e. the sector size (note that sector sizes other than 512 bytes are not currently supported), the number of sectors per track, the number of tracks per cylinder (also known as the number of heads), and the number of cylinders on the disk. The OpenBSD kernel will try to discover these parameters on its own, and if it can it will print them at boot time. If possible, you should use the parameters it prints. (You might not be able to because you're sharing your disk with another operating system, or because your disk is old enough that the kernel can't figure out its geometry.) For most systems, the easiest way to install OpenBSD/vax 3.0 is via diskless booting over an Ethernet network. You will need both the "boot.mop" image and the "bsd.rd" kernel to boot. You will also need a machine configured as a rarp, MOP, bootparam, and NFS server. Should your VAX have supported SCSI, however, we provide a floppy image that can be written onto a disk in another system, and when booted on the VAX will present you with the standard install prompt. If this is the case, you can skip ahead to the "ready to install OpenBSD" section. This document will shortly provide examples on how to set up services for an OpenBSD netboot server. But if more information is required, the following resources may be helpful: The OpenBSD manpages for rarpd(8), mopd(8), nfsd(8), mountd(8), rpc.bootparamd(8), bootparams(5), and diskless(8). These pages are available online at: Brian Chase has written a guide for booting a VAX off of a network. It was written for NetBSD/vax, but the procedure is virtually identical on OpenBSD, and the document covers the use of several different platforms as servers. The guide is available at: And finally, there is an OpenBSD/vax mailing list at whose readers would generally be pleased to help. Booting from Network: When you turn on your VAX, it will run a set of self-diagnostic ROM routines. Depending on the model of VAX you have, it may take quite a while. When it is done, you will see a >>> prompt (also called the chevron prompt) on the console. Typing "show dev" or "show ethernet" to get the VAX ethernet device's MAC address usually works; also try "TEST 50" on MicroVAXen 2000 and 3100. You will need to create an /etc/ethers file on the bootserver. This file will be used by rarpd to answer rarp (ethernet address->IP address) requests. The format of this file is the ethernet address followed by the machine name or address. Here is an example: 08:00:2b:24:72:00 quickvax Then start rarpd (or configure /etc/rc.conf to always start rarpd). Copy boot.mop into /tftpboot/mop/1a2b3c4d5e6f.SYS, where "1a2b3c4d5e6f" represents the six octets of your ethernet address. For example, the filename for the machine described above would be "08002b247200.SYS". Note that all non alphanumeric characters must be stripped and the mac portion must be lower case, the extension upper. Start mopd by typing "mopd -a". rpc.bootparamd's configuration file is /etc/bootparams. The format for this file is described in the diskless(8) and bootparams(5) manpages. Enable rpc.bootparamd in /etc/rc.conf by changing the value of "bootparamd_flags". Also, make sure "portmap" is "YES"; you will need portmap running. nfsd and mountd configuration are described in their respective manual pages. Make a separate directory for your VAX's /, make sure it is exported via NFS, and place "bsd.rd" there. Typing "B ", where is your VAX's ethernet device, at the chevron prompt should then load the OpenBSD booter. You should now be ready to install OpenBSD. The following is a walk-through of the steps you will take while getting OpenBSD installed on your hard disk. If any question has a default answer, it will be displayed in brackets ("[]") after the question. If you wish to stop the installation, you may hit Control-C at any time, but if you do, you'll have to begin the installation process again from scratch. Using Control-Z to suspend the process may be a better option, or at any prompt enter '!' to get a shell, from which 'exit' will return you back to that prompt (no refresh of the prompt though). After setting up your bootserver, boot from it as described above. The OpenBSD bootloader will appear, and a countdown should begin; type any key on the console and type "boot bsd.rd". It will take a while to load the kernel especially on a slow machine, or from a slow network connection, most likely more than a minute. If some action doesn't eventually happen, or the spinning cursor has stopped and nothing further has happened, either your diskless setup is incorrect, or you may have a hardware or configuration problem. Once the kernel has loaded, you will be presented with the OpenBSD kernel boot messages. You will want to read them to determine your disk's name and geometry. Its name will be something like "sd0" or "wd0" and the geometry will be printed on a line that begins with its name. As mentioned above, you will need your disk's geometry when creating OpenBSD partitions. You will also need to know the device name to tell the install tools what disk to install on. If you cannot read the messages as they scroll by, do not worry -- you can get at this information later inside the install program. You will next be asked for your terminal type. If you are installing from a serial console you should choose the terminal type from amongst those listed. (If your terminal type is xterm, just use vt100). After entering the terminal type you will be asked whether you wish to do an "(I)nstall" or an "(U)pgrade". Enter 'I' for a fresh install or 'U' to upgrade an existing installation. You will be presented with a welcome message and asked if you really want to continue. Assuming you answered yes, the install program will then tell you which disks of that type it can install on, and ask you which it should use. The name of the disk is typically "sd0". Reply with the name of your disk. Next you will have to edit or create a disklabel for the disk OpenBSD is being installed on. The installation script will invoke the text editor allowing you to do this. Note that partition 'c' inside this disk label should ALWAYS reflect the entire disk, including any non-OpenBSD portions. The root file system should be in partition 'a', and swap is usually in partition 'b'. It is recommended that you create separate partitions for root and /usr, you may also want to specify /var and /home partitions. The swap partition (usually 'b') should have a type of "swap", all other native OpenBSD partitions should have a type of "4.2BSD". Block and fragment sizes are usually 8192 and 1024 bytes, but can also be 16384 and 2048 bytes. The install program will now label your disk and ask which file systems should be created on which partitions. It will auto- matically select the 'a' partition to be the root file system. Next it will ask for which disk and partition you want a file system created on. This will be the same as the disk name (e.g. "sd0") with the letter identifying the partition (e.g. "d") appended (e.g. "sd0d"). Then it will ask where this partition is to be mounted, e.g. /usr. This process will be repeated until you type "done". At this point you will be asked to confirm that the file system information you have entered is correct, and given an opportunity to change the file system table. Next it will create the new file systems as specified, OVERWRITING ANY EXISTING DATA. This is the point of no return. After all your file systems have been created, the install program will give you an opportunity to configure the network. The network configuration you enter (if any) can then be used to do the install from another system using NFS, HTTP or FTP, and will also be the configuration used by the system after the installation is complete. If you select to configure the network, the install program will ask you for a name of your system and the DNS domain name to use. Note that the host name should be without the domain part, and that the domain name should NOT include the host name part. Next the system will give you a list of network interfaces you can configure. For each network interface you select to configure, it will ask for the IP address to use, the symbolic host name to use, the netmask to use and any media flags to set. After all network interfaces have been configured the install pro- gram will ask for a default route and IP address of the primary name server to use. You will also be presented with an opportunity to edit the host table. At this point you will be allowed to edit the file system table that will be used for the remainder of the installation and that will be used by the finished system, following which the new file systems will be mounted to complete the installation. After these preparatory steps have been completed, you will be able to extract the distribution sets onto your system. There are several install methods supported; FTP, HTTP, tape, CD-ROM, NFS or a local disk partition. Note that installation from floppies is not currently supported. To install via FTP: To begin an FTP install you will need the following pieces of information. Don't be daunted by this list; the defaults are sufficient for most people. 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based ftp proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing ftp (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) Do you need to use active mode ftp? By default, ftp will attempt to use passive mode and fall back to an active connection if the server does not support passive mode. You only need to enable this option if you are connecting to a buggy ftp daemon that implements passive ftp incorrectly. Note that you will not be asked about active ftp if you are using a proxy. 3) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an ftp server carrying the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 4) The ftp directory holding the distribution sets. The default value of pub/OpenBSD/3.0/vax is almost always correct. 5) The login and password for the ftp account. You will only be asked for a password for non-anonymous ftp. For instructions on how to complete the installation via ftp, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install via HTTP: To begin an HTTP install you will need the following pieces of information: 1) Proxy server URL if you are using a URL-based http proxy (squid, CERN ftp, Apache 1.2 or higher). You need to define a proxy if you are behind a firewall that blocks outgoing http connections (assuming you have a proxy available to use). 2) The IP address (or hostname if you enabled DNS earlier in the install) of an http server carrying the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution. If you don't know, just hit return when asked if you want to see a list of such hosts. 3) The directory holding the distribution sets. There is no standard location for this; You should use the directory specified along with the server in the list of official http mirror sites that you received in step 3. For instructions on how to complete the installation via http, see the section named "Common URL installations" below. To install from tape: In order to install from tape, the distribution sets to be installed must have been written to tape previously, either in tar format or gzip-compressed tar format. You will also have to identify the tape device where the distribution sets are to be extracted from. This will typically be "nrst0" (no-rewind, raw interface). Next you will have to provide the file number of the set that is to be extracted. Note that the file number starts at 1, which is the first file written to the tape. The install program will not automatically detect whether an image has been compressed, so it will ask for that information before starting the extraction. To install from CD-ROM: When installing from a CD-ROM, you will be asked which device holds the distribution sets. This will typically be "cd0". Next you will be asked which partition on the CD-ROM the distribution is to be loaded from. This is normally partition "a". Next you will have to identify the file system type that has been used to create the distribution on the CD-ROM, this can be either FFS or ISO CD9660. The OpenBSD CD distribution uses the CD9660 format. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the CD which holds the distribution, for the vax this is "3.0/vax". For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a NFS mounted directory: When installing from a NFS-mounted directory, you must have completed network configuration above, and also set up the exported file system on the NFS server in advance. First you must identify the IP address of the NFS server to load the distribution from, and the file system the server expects you to mount. The install program will also ask whether or not TCP should be used for transport (the default is UDP). Note that TCP only works with newer NFS servers. You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the CD-ROM distribution, see the section named "Common file system installations" below. To install from a local disk partition: When installing from a local disk partition, you will first have to identify which disk holds the distribution sets. This is normally "sdN" where N is a number 0 through 9. Next you will have to identify the partition within that disk that holds the distribution, this is a single letter between 'a' and 'p'. You will also have to identify the type of file system residing in the partition identified. Currently, you can onlyinstall from partitions that has been formatted as the Berkeley fast file system (ffs). You will also have to provide the relative path to the directory on the file system where the distribution sets are located. Note that this path should not be prefixed with a '/'. For instructions on how to complete the installation from the a local disk partition, see the next section. Common file system installations: The following instructions are common to installations from local disk partitions, NFS mounted directories and CD-ROMs. A list of available distribution sets will be listed. You may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to extract file sets. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to extract. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. Common URL installations: Once you have entered the required information, the install program will fetch a file list and present a list of all the distribution sets that were found in the specified directory. (If no valid sets were found, you will be notified and given the option of unpacking any gzipped tar files found or getting a file list if none were found.) At this point you may individually select distribution sets to install or enter `all' to install all of the sets (which is what most users will want to do). You may also enter `list' to get a file list or `done' when you are done selecting distribution sets. You may also use wildcards in place of a file name, e.g. `*.tgz' or even `base*|comp*'. It is also possible to enter an arbitrary filename and have it treated as a file set. Once you have selected the file sets you want to install and entered `done' you will be prompted to verify that you really do want to download and install the files. Assuming you acquiesce, the files will begin to download and unpack. If not, you will be given the option of installing sets via one of the other install methods. When all the selected distribution sets has been extracted, you will be allowed to select which time zone your system will be using, all the device nodes needed by the installed system will be created for you and the file systems will be unmounted. For this to work properly, it is expected that you have installed at least the "base30", "etc30", and "bsd" distribution sets. Congratulations, you have successfully installed OpenBSD 3.0. When you reboot into OpenBSD, you should log in as "root" at the login prompt. You should create yourself an account and protect it and the "root" account with good passwords. You should have got a mail from the install program we recommend you to read, it contains answers to basic questions you might have about OpenBSD (like setting up your system, installing packages, getting more information about OpenBSD, sending in your dmesg output and more). This you can do by running mail and then just enter "1" to get the first message. You quit mail by entering "q". Some of the files in the OpenBSD 3.0 distribution might need to be tailored for your site. We recommend you run: man afterboot which will tell you about a bunch of the files needing to be reviewed. If you are unfamiliar with UN*X-like system administration, it's recommended that you buy a book that discusses it. Upgrading a previously-installed OpenBSD System: ------------------------------------------------ To upgrade OpenBSD 3.0 from a previous version, start with the general instructions in the section "Installing OpenBSD". Boot from the miniroot. When prompted, select the (U)pgrade option rather than the (I)nstall option at the prompt in the install process. The upgrade script will ask you for the existing root partition, and will use the existing filesystems defined in /etc/fstab to install the new system in. It will also use your existing network parameters. From then, the upgrade procedure is very close to the installation procedure described earlier in this document. Note that the upgrade procedure will not let you pick the ``etc30.tgz'' set, so as to preserve your files in `/etc' which you are likely to have customized since a previous installation. However, it is strongly advised that you unpack the etc30.tgz set in a temporary directory and merge changes by hand, since all components of your system may not function correctly until your files in `/etc' are updated. Getting source code for your OpenBSD System: -------------------------------------------- Now that your OpenBSD system is up and running, you probably want to get access to source code so that you can recompile pieces of the system. A few methods are provided. If you have an OpenBSD CD, the source code is provided. Otherwise, you can get the pieces over the Internet using ANONCVS, CTM or FTP. For more information, see http://www.openbsd.org/anoncvs.html http://www.openbsd.org/ctm.html http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html Using online OpenBSD documentation: ----------------------------------- Documentation is available if you first install the manual distribution set. Traditionally, the UN*X "man pages" (documentation) are denoted by 'name(section)'. Some examples of this are intro(1), man(1), apropos(1), passwd(1), and passwd(5). The section numbers group the topics into several categories, but three are of primary interest: user commands are in section 1, file formats are in section 5, and administrative information is in section 8. The 'man' command is used to view the documentation on a topic, and is started by entering 'man [section] topic'. The brackets [] around the section should not be entered, but rather indicate that the section is optional. If you don't ask for a particular section, the topic with the least-numbered section name will be displayed. For instance, after logging in, enter man passwd to read the documentation for passwd(1). To view the documentation for passwd(5), enter man 5 passwd instead. If you are unsure of what man page you are looking for, enter apropos subject-word where "subject-word" is your topic of interest; a list of possibly related man pages will be displayed. Adding third party software; ``packages'' and ``ports'': ------------------------------------------------------- As complete as your OpenBSD system is, you may want to add any of several excellent third party software applications. There are several ways to do this. You can: 1) Obtain the source code and build the application based upon whatever installation procedures are provided with the application. 2) Use the OpenBSD ``ports'' collection to automatically get any needed source file, apply any required patches, create the application, and install it for you. 3) Use the OpenBSD ``package'' collection to grab a pre-compiled and tested version of the application for your hardware. If you purchased the OpenBSD CD-ROM set you already have several popular ``packages'', and the ``ports'' collection. Instructions for installing applications from the various sources using the different installation methods follow. If emacs is to be installed it should be installed first as it creates the ``info'' directory file that may be modified by other applications. You should also refer to the packages(7) manual page. Installing applications from the CD-ROM package collection: The OpenBSD CD-ROM ships with several applications pre-built for various hardware architectures. The number of applications vary according to available disk space. Check the directory 3.0/packages/vax to see which packages are available for your hardware architecture. That directory will be on the same CD-ROM containing the OS installation files for your architecture. To install one or more of these packages you must: 1) become the superuser (root). 2) mount the appropriate CD-ROM. 3) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software. Example (in which we use su(1) to get superuser privileges, thus you have to be in group "wheel", see the manual page for su(1)). $ su Password: # mkdir -p /cdrom # mount /dev/cd0a /cdrom # pkg_add /cdrom/OSREV/packages/MACHINE_ARCH/ # # umount /cdrom Package names are usually the application name and version with .tgz appended, e.g. emacs-20.7.tgz Installing applications from the ftp.openbsd.org package collection: All available packages for your architecture have been placed on ftp.openbsd.org in the directory pub/OpenBSD/3.0/packages/vax/ You may want to peruse this to see what packages are available. The packages are also on the OpenBSD FTP mirror sites. See http://www.openbsd.org/ftp.html for a list of current ftp mirror sites. Installation of a package is very easy. 1) become the superuser (root) 2) use the ``pkg_add'' command to install the software ``pkg_add'' is smart enough to know how to download the software from the OpenBSD ftp server. Example: $ su Password: # pkg_add \ ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/3.0/packages/vax/emacs-20.7.tgz Packages available include (at least): 9menu-1.5.tgz 9wm-1.2pre.tgz ADMfzap-0.1.tgz ADMsmb-0.2.tgz Business-CreditCard-0.21.tgz GConf-1.0.1.tgz ImageMagick-5.2.9.tgz ORBit-0.5.8.tgz R-1.2.2.tgz STk-3.1.1.tgz TclXML-1.2.1.tgz Tktable-2.7.tgz Wnn-data-4.2.tgz Wnn-xwnmo-4.2.tgz XPostitPlus-2.3.tgz Xaw3d-1.5.tgz a2ps-4.13b-a4.tgz a2ps-4.13b-letter.tgz aalib-1.2-no_x11.tgz aalib-1.2.tgz abook-0.4.13.tgz abs-0.8.tgz abuse-2.0.tgz ac3dec-0.6.1.tgz adcomplain-3.52.tgz aescrypt-0.7.tgz aewm-1.1.2.tgz afm-1.0.tgz afterstep-1.8.9.tgz aggregate-1.3.tgz agrep-2.04.tgz aide-0.7.tgz amanda-2.4.2.2.tgz amanda-client-2.4.2.2.tgz amaya-5.1-motif.tgz amaya-english-dict-19961207.tgz amaya-french-dict-19961217.tgz amph-0.8.9.tgz an-0.93.tgz analog-5.03.tgz angband-2.9.3-no_x11.tgz angband-2.9.3.tgz angst-0.4b.tgz antiword-0.31.tgz apc-upsd-19991128.tgz apg-1.2.13.tgz arc-5.21e.tgz archie-1.4.1.tgz 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zip-2.3.tgz zoo-2.10.1.tgz zope-2.4.1.1.tgz zsh-4.0.2-static.tgz zsh-4.0.2.tgz zsh-zftp-4.0.2.tgz Note: these packages may not exist for all architectures; other packages may be added. Some packages are only available via ftp. Installing applications from the CD-ROM ports collection: The CD-ROM ``ports'' collection is a set of Makefiles, patches, and other files used to control the building and installation of an application from source files. Creating an application from sources can require a lot of disk space, sometimes 50 megabytes or more. The first step is to determine which of your disks has enough room. Once you've made this determination read the file PORTS located on the CD-ROM which contains the ports tree. To build an application you must: 1) become the superuser (root) 2) have network access, or obtain the actual source files by some other means. 3) cd to the ports directory containing the port you wish to build. To build samba, for example, where you'd previously copied the ports files into the /usr/ports directory: cd /usr/ports/net/samba 4) make 5) make install 6) make clean Installing applications from the OpenBSD ports collection: See http://www.openbsd.org/ports.html for current instructions on obtaining and installing OpenBSD ports. You should also refer to the ports(7) manual page. Installing other applications: If an OpenBSD package or port does not exist for an application you're pretty much on your own. The first thing to do is ask ports@openbsd.org if anyone is working on a port -- there may be one in progress. If no luck there you may try the FreeBSD ports or NetBSD package collection. If you are on an i386 based machine it is quite possible that the FreeBSD port, if one exists, will work for you. If you can't find an existing port try to make your own and feed it back to OpenBSD. That's how our ports collection grows. Some details can be found at http://www.openbsd.org/porting.html with more help coming from the mailing list, ports@openbsd.org. Administrivia: -------------- There are various mailing lists available via the mailing list server at . To get help on using the mailing list server, send mail to that address with an empty body, and it will reply with instructions. There are also two OpenBSD Usenet newsgroups, comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.announce for important announcements and comp.unix.bsd.openbsd.misc for general OpenBSD discussion. To report bugs, use the 'sendbug' command shipped with OpenBSD, and fill in as much information about the problem as you can. Good bug reports include lots of details. Additionally, bug reports can be sent by mail to: bugs@OpenBSD.ORG Use of 'sendbug' is encouraged, however, because bugs reported with it are entered into the OpenBSD bugs database, and thus can't slip through the cracks. As a favor, please avoid mailing huge documents or files to the mailing lists. Instead, put the material you would have sent up for FTP somewhere, then mail the appropriate list about it, or, if you'd rather not do that, mail the list saying you'll send the data to those who want it.